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TigerVNC on ubuntu 20.0

Install Desktop Gnome

root@server-test:/opt# apt-get install -y ubuntu-desktop

Install/Config TigerVNC

root@server-test:/opt# apt -y install tigervnc-standalone-server
......
root@server-test:/opt# vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
root@server-test:~# more /root/.vnc/xstartup
# create new (or add to the end)
exec /usr/bin/gnome-session &
# start with diplay number [1], screen resolution [800x600]
root@server-test:~# 
root@server-test:~# vncserver :1 -geometry 800x600 -localhost no

New 'gcsprendpoint-yonzhao2test-share-flat2-ni9ngm-server-ne.novalocal:1 (root)' desktop at :1 on machine gcsprendpoint-yonzhao2test-share-flat2-ni9ngm-server-ne.novalocal

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/gcsprendpoint-yonzhao2test-share-flat2-ni9ngm-server-ne.novalocal:1.log

Use xtigervncviewer -SecurityTypes VncAuth,TLSVnc -passwd /root/.vnc/passwd gcsprendpoint-yonzhao2test-share-flat2-ni9ngm-server-ne.novalocal:1 to connect to the VNC server.

Access by TigerVNC Client

Other

2020-07-24 Update: Change to TightVNC

I found an issue that cannot input anything when login via tigerVNC, normal user is ok after disable screen auto clock, but root couldn’t login in. So I transfer to TightVNC that work perfect now. Follow install guide:

How to Install and Configure VNC on Ubuntu 20.04

How to resize LVM on Centos7/Ubuntu14.04 ?

After install Centos7, found disk size less, so I need resize the disk, you can use some tools to achieve the function, e.g: GParted or disk-genius. But if your Server disk format is LVM, you can easy to manual adjust that. I don’t know how to resize LVM by Gparted or disk-genius. For this article, will discuss how to adjust Centos7/Ubuntu14.04 by LVM. That should same action/command in Centos and Ubuntu.

If you want to check steps in Ubuntu, can check this attachment: lvm-resize-ubuntu14.04

Follow disk info

Check system contents by “sudo df -H”, check all disk status by “sudo fdisk -l”.

[root@frank ~]# df -H
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/myvg-root  7.4G  7.4G  4.0M 100% /
devtmpfs               2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  2.1G  250k  2.1G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  2.1G  9.5M  2.1G   1% /run
tmpfs                  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/myvg-home  731M  140M  591M  20% /home
/dev/sda1              521M  126M  396M  25% /boot
/dev/sr0               4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

Relationship for VG, PV and LV

LV only know how mapping to VG, not care PV; And VG build up by PV, so you can easy to extended PV to increased VG’s disk.

Check VG info that is collection by PV

[root@frank ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               7.52 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1925
  Alloc PE / Size       1925 / 7.52 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   <<<
  VG UUID               0kMilm-TbT5-gs60-Vfl5-3obp-WybF-1BMwXA

Check PV that is virtual physical disk

[root@frank ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               myvg
  PV Size               7.52 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1925  <<<
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1925  <<<
  PV UUID               whbkik-T1Ke-fLlF-ZBph-3pcd-loYG-yRweel

Check LV that is Partition in virtual disk

[root@frank ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                K15Fr3-QNP3-a17k-IhNU-8qIV-LQAZ-iJ9bgV
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-09-23 14:38:07 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                6.84 GiB
  Current LE             1750
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                4nCfU9-5T2S-eKve-hMnc-Ao2l-So1o-lQwlU5
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-09-23 14:38:11 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                700.00 MiB
  Current LE             175
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

Set up a new LVM

[root@frank ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a7fd0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    16803839     7888896   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        16803840    20899839     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
   e   extended
Select (default e): 
Using default response e
Selected partition 4
First sector (20899840-104857599, default 20899840): 
Using default value 20899840
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20899840-104857599, default 104857599): 
Using default value 104857599
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 40 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a7fd0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    16803839     7888896   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        16803840    20899839     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4        20899840   104857599    41978880    5  Extended

Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (20901888-104857599, default 20901888): 
Using default value 20901888
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20901888-104857599, default 104857599): +7G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 7 GiB is set

Command (m for help): 
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a7fd0

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    16803839     7888896   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        16803840    20899839     2048000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4        20899840   104857599    41978880    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        20901888    35581951     7340032   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5, default 5): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

[root@frank ~]# partx -a /dev/sda 
partx: /dev/sda: error adding partitions 1-3

[root@frank ~]# ll /dev/sda*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Sep 24 22:12 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Sep 24 17:43 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Sep 24 17:43 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Sep 24 17:43 /dev/sda3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 4 Sep 24 22:13 /dev/sda4
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 Sep 24 22:13 /dev/sda5

[root@frank ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
  Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
[root@frank ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               myvg
  PV Size               7.52 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1925
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1925
  PV UUID               whbkik-T1Ke-fLlF-ZBph-3pcd-loYG-yRweel

  "/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "7.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda5
  VG Name                          <<< no config VG, so empty
  PV Size               7.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               WCKrXq-j2ZL-PoZ8-PcXd-fjb8-Riud-e5yl6m

Extend VG

[root@frank ~]# vg
vgcfgbackup    vgck           vgdisplay      vgimport       vgmknodes      vgrename       vgsplit        
vgcfgrestore   vgconvert      vgexport       vgimportclone  vgreduce       vgs            
vgchange       vgcreate       vgextend       vgmerge        vgremove       vgscan         
[root@frank ~]# vgextend 
  Please enter volume group name and physical volume(s)
  Run `vgextend --help' for more information.
[root@frank ~]# 
[root@frank ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/sda5
  Volume group "myvg" successfully extended
[root@frank ~]# 
[root@frank ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               myvg
  PV Size               7.52 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1925
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1925
  PV UUID               whbkik-T1Ke-fLlF-ZBph-3pcd-loYG-yRweel

  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda5
  VG Name               myvg
  PV Size               7.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1791
  Free PE               1791
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               WCKrXq-j2ZL-PoZ8-PcXd-fjb8-Riud-e5yl6m

[root@frank ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               myvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               14.52 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3716
  Alloc PE / Size       1925 / 7.52 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1791 / 7.00 GiB
  VG UUID               0kMilm-TbT5-gs60-Vfl5-3obp-WybF-1BMwXA

Extend LV

As above info, VG had increased, now we need add those VG to LC, you can add by G/MB/PE, suggest use PE that is more accurate, as follow:

[root@frank ~]# lvresize -l +1791 /dev/myvg/root
  Extending logical volume root to 13.83 GiB
  Logical volume root successfully resized
[root@frank ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/myvg/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                myvg
  LV UUID                K15Fr3-QNP3-a17k-IhNU-8qIV-LQAZ-iJ9bgV
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-09-23 14:38:07 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                13.83 GiB
  Current LE             3541
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

Activate by “resize2fs”, but found command couldn’t use:

[root@frank ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/myvg/root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.

After checked,that due to root system should xfs in Centos7/Ubuntu 14.04, “resize2fs” only support ext2, ext3 and ext4, so replaced “resize2fs” by “xfs_growfs”: Trying to resize2fs EB volume fails [closed]

[root@frank ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/myvg/root 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/myvg-root  isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=448000 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1792000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1792000 to 3625984

[root@frank ~]# df -H
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/myvg-root   15G  7.4G  7.6G  50% /
devtmpfs               2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  2.1G  254k  2.1G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  2.1G  9.4M  2.1G   1% /run
tmpfs                  2.1G     0  2.1G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/myvg-home  731M  141M  591M  20% /home
/dev/sda1              521M  126M  396M  25% /boot
/dev/sr0               4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

更新:New NVME

After adding new NVME, you will find the disk but cannot use:

[root@gcspr-vxr pyvxr]# lsblk
NAME                 MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                    8:0    0 894.3G  0 disk 
├─sda1                 8:1    0    63M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                 8:2    0   500M  0 part /boot
├─sda3                 8:3    0     1M  0 part 
└─sda4                 8:4    0 893.7G  0 part 
  ├─xfs_vol-root     253:0    0  97.7G  0 lvm  /
  ├─xfs_vol-swap     253:1    0  23.6G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─xfs_vol-nobackup 253:2    0 772.5G  0 lvm  /nobackup
nvme0n1              259:0    0   2.9T  0 disk <<<
nvme1n1              259:1    0   2.9T  0 disk <<<

Need to fdisk, format and mount, as follow:

[root@gcspr-vxr /]# fdisk /dev/nvme1n1 
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-6251233934, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-6251233934, default 6251233934): 
Created partition 1


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@gcspr-vxr /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme1n1p1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Discarding device blocks: done                            
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
195354624 inodes, 781403985 blocks
39070199 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2929721344
23847 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done       

[root@gcspr-vxr /]# mkdir vxrbackup
[root@gcspr-vxr /]# mount /dev/nvme1n1p1 /vxrbackup
[root@gcspr-vxr /]# chmod 777 /vxrbackup/ -R
[root@gcspr-vxr /]# lsblk
NAME                 MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                    8:0    0 894.3G  0 disk 
├─sda1                 8:1    0    63M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2                 8:2    0   500M  0 part /boot
├─sda3                 8:3    0     1M  0 part 
└─sda4                 8:4    0 893.7G  0 part 
  ├─xfs_vol-root     253:0    0  97.7G  0 lvm  /
  ├─xfs_vol-swap     253:1    0  23.6G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─xfs_vol-nobackup 253:2    0 772.5G  0 lvm  /nobackup
nvme0n1              259:0    0   2.9T  0 disk 
└─nvme0n1p1          259:2    0   2.9T  0 part /vxr       <<<
nvme1n1              259:1    0   2.9T  0 disk 
└─nvme1n1p1          259:3    0   2.9T  0 part /vxrbackup <<<

Check type and add to fstab:

[root@gcspr-vxr vxr]# df -T
Filesystem                   Type      1K-blocks      Used  Available Use% Mounted on
......
/dev/nvme1n1p1               ext4     3076422524  75821596 2844303748   3% /vxrbackup
/dev/nvme0n1p1               ext4     3076422524 186183620 2733941724   7% /vxr
[root@gcspr-vxr vxr]# echo "/dev/nvme1n1p1 /vxrbackup ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@gcspr-vxr vxr]# echo "/dev/nvme0n1p1 /vxr ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

Ubuntu 14.04 General config

Not use ubuntu for long time… some useful commands had forgot, summary again:

1. Permit root login
gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf –> “greeter-show-manual-login=true”
sudo passwd root
reboot

2. Change language
gedit /etc/default/locale –> change what do you want
reboot

3. Script couldn’t run on linux “bad interpreter: No such file or directory”
that should dos format, need change to unix format
vi xxx
check format by “:set ff” or “:set fileformat”
change format by “:set ff=unix” or “:set fileformat=unix”
:wq

4. Enable ssh service
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
gedit /etc/ssh/sshd_config –> “PermitRootLogin yes”
restart by “/etc/init.d/ssh restart”
check by “ps -ef|grep ssh”
reboot

5. Disable firewall
check whether enable by “ufw status”
disable by “ufw disable”

6. Change update source
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

Refer to default source, can reference this article.

7. Change ip address, add/del GW route, add text to file
sudo ifconfig eth1 up
sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo ifconfig eth1 up 10.0.0.30 netmask 255.255.255.128
sudo route add -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 10.0.0.126 dev eth1
sudo echo ‘nameserver x.x.x.x’ >> /etc/resolv.conf

8. Install DHCP Server

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
vim /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server

Ubuntu 64bit 桌面版 4G内存只支持3.5G [已解决]

刚刚注意到,我的系统是64bit的桌面版,发现4G的内存只支持了3.5G。
不明白是怎么回事。。。
在网上有人说只要是64bit的系统,就可以支持4G及更大的内存。
另外还有人说只有ubuntu 64bit server版的才支持,不解中,说法真多呀。。。
根据资料,我的主板最多能支持16G的内存。
我的主板是华硕的:P5N7A-VM
完整阅读

Ubuntu AR5001X+ 无线网卡性能 续

已经对AR5001X+在linux下的性能彻底失望了,我又测试了下,发现问题很严重,但又不清楚具体是什么问题,难道无线网卡性能差,可以影响整个网络的性能?!

以下是Topology:

                                          +------+
                                          |Remote|
                                          |  PC  |
                                          +--+---+
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                             |
                                            -+--
+------------+                          ///-    -\\\
| ubuntu9.10 |        +---------+      /            \
| Wifi:54/70 |  WLAN  |         |     |              |
| +--------+ + - - - -+ TPLink  +-----|  Internet    |
| | Vmware | |        +         |     |              |
+-+--------+-+        +---------+      \            /
  | Olive  |                            \\\-    -///
  +--------+                                ----

完整阅读

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