How To Send Internet Route By BIRD？
22 10 月, 2021,由 frank撰写
背景
BIRD是一个BGP守护进程，可以同真实的物理设备建立BGP邻居，并灵活控制路由的收发，尝尝可以看到IXP或云提供商（如Equinix）使用此开源软件。我将使用BIRD给Peer路由器发送Internet路由，以帮我完成演练，但看上去BIRD作为BGP Speaker或控制BGP路由比较好用，但生成路由并不是特别灵活，需要把路由批量灌到Kernel中，然后重分发到BGP并发给Peer路由器，此篇文章总结下如何使用BIRD。
相关链接
BIRD只是众多BGP开源软件中的一个，其他的还有如Quagga/FRR，ExaBGP等，我在查找BIRD时也看到了一些对比文章，一起列在下面，供以后方便查阅：
- https://bird.network.cz/ <— offical website
- BGP Open-Source Tools – Quagga vs. BIRD vs. ExaBGP
- Comparing Open Source BGP Stacks
- Getting Started with BIRD Routing Software
- 在家也要玩BGP（1）：简单的多运营商接入策略路由配置
- Route BGP with BIRD
- BIRD Advanced configuration
- Using BIRD to run BGP
- Linux routing with BIRD and multiple tables
BIRD2 User Guide:
BIRD安装
[root@bird-162 ~]# yum install bird2*
[root@bird-162 ~]# yum install bird6*定制Loopback？Dummy Port？直连接口？
这里有个问题，就是到底让BIRD使用哪种接口去跟远端的路由器建立BGP？不同接口有不同问题，经过踩坑后，发现最靠谱的还是直连接口，下面是一些已经踩的坑：
- 为了让设置清晰明了，最开始想用loopback接口，如lo:2，在部署v4的BIRD时，没有任何问题；但当部署v6的BIRD6时，发现了一些问题：
- v6的环回地址只能附属在主接口上，也就是lo，不能在lo:2上，这样导致v4用lo:2，v6用lo；
- 在lo配置v6地址后，发现ping不通远端，导致bgp无法建立，确认路由都没问题，IPv6的数据转发也都打开了，就是ping不通，感觉对于loopback端口，v4和v6还是有一些不一样的地方；
- 如果只是静态配置dummy port（ip link add internet type dummy）很容易，但这有个问题，我没法关联路由文件与这个dummy端口，看上去需要在“network-scripts”中匹配，如ifcfg-eth1，对应的v4，v6路由文件 是route-eth1，route6-eth1；另外此配置重启后，端口就消失了，如果想重启后仍然存在，还需要配置好几个地方才能开启dummy端口；
网络拓扑
Server 基础配置
如上图所示，为了方便，把v4，v6 全路由放进两个不同的路由实例中，然后在BIRD和BIRD6中分别调用相应的实例，这样做会比较清洗，路由也会比较干净，不会影响服务器的原有的路由配置，也省去了BIRD上的filter配置；
配置v4和v6的路由实例
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
#
# reserved values
#
255 local
254 main
253 default
0 unspec
84 bird4
86 bird6
#
# local
#
#1 inr.ruhep“—
如果需要用VRF进行隔离，可以参考这篇文章，也可以参考下面的文档，为了方便，文本单独附在下面：
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt
下面是一个Example，建立VRF，让VRF up，把管理端口放入VRF，并加上默认路由，重启仍生效：
[root@trex-161 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.udp_l3mdev_accept = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@trex-161 ~]# echo "net.ipv4.tcp_l3mdev_accept = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@trex-161 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.udp_l3mdev_accept = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_l3mdev_accept = 1
[root@trex-161 ~]# more /etc/rc.local
......
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
# Refer to linux vrf, add follow cmd
# There is ip address for eth0 in "ifcfg-eth0"
ip link add dev MGT_VRF type vrf table 2
ip link set dev MGT_VRF up
ip link set dev eth0 master MGT_VRF
ip route add 0.0.0.0/0 via 172.16.211.1 vrf MGT_VRF
[root@trex-161 ~]#
[root@trex-161 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@trex-161 ~]# source /etc/rc.local[root@trex-161 ~]# reboot
Connection to 172.16.211.162 closed by remote host.
Connection to 172.16.211.162 closed.
[root@beihe-terminal-server ~]# ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Wed Nov 3 21:26:28 2021 from 172.16.211.155
[root@trex-161 ~]# ip -br link show type vrf
MGT_VRF UP 62:22:47:30:f9:e9 <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
[root@trex-161 ~]# ip route show vrf MGT_VRF
default via 172.16.211.1 dev eth0
172.16.211.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.211.162
[root@trex-161 ~]#
[root@trex-161 ~]# ping -I MGT_VRF 172.16.211.1
ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than MGT_VRF.
PING 172.16.211.1 (172.16.211.1) from 172.16.211.162 MGT_VRF: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.211.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.16 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.211.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.06 ms
^C
--- 172.16.211.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.066/1.114/1.163/0.058 ms
[root@trex-161 ~]# ip vrf exec MGT_VRF ssh 172.16.211.143
The authenticity of host '172.16.211.143 (172.16.211.143)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:HGQUCSMyNonFC/C2TstIV9gfzq0WBzZZ3wYnKk8lqWQ.
RSA key fingerprint is MD5:c0:d9:36:bd:46:a6:2b:10:7d:03:2f:38:5c:cc:97:a1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?如果需要无缝恢复，直接把下面命令存入文本，然后source即可：
[root@trex-161 ~]# more recovery-vrf
ip link set dev eth0 nomaster
ip route add 0.0.0.0/0 via 172.16.211.1
[root@trex-161 ~]# source recovery-vrf
[root@trex-161 ~]# packet_write_wait: Connection to 172.16.211.162 port 22: Broken pipe
[root@beihe-terminal-server ~]# —”
配置eth1端口
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=no
NETWORKING_IPV6=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=no
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth1
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=30.1.1.1
PREFIX0=24
IPV6ADDR=2001::30:1:1:1/120
NM_CONTROLLED=no所有端口默认都是由NetworkManager进行管理，如果设备重启，NM会监控端口启动以及路由加载，根据测试结果会导致NM持续100%而无法降到正常范围，导致有些程序就无法打开了，如Trex GUI，因此建议用”NM_CONTROLLED=no“把此端口移除NM的控制范围，平时可以用这个命令来控制端口的up/down，不过需要注意的是，路由文件的加载仍然需要通过“systemctl restart network”来控制：
ifdown eth1
ifup eth1关于端口up/down，这里有篇文章可以参考：6 different commands to restart network in RHEL/CentOS 7/8
配置v4和v6路由文件
[root@bird-162 ~]# ls -l /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ |grep eth1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 297 Oct 8 19:49 ifcfg-eth1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 161 Oct 8 22:13 route6-eth1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 174 Oct 8 22:14 route-eth1
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route6-eth1
2001:1::/64 dev eth1 table 86
600:6001:110b::/48 dev eth1 table 86
2001::/32 dev eth1 table 86
2001:4:112::/48 dev eth1 table 86
2001:200::/32 dev eth1 table 86
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth1
1.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 table 84
1.0.4.0/22 dev eth1 table 84
1.0.4.0/24 dev eth1 table 84
1.0.5.0/24 dev eth1 table 84
1.0.6.0/24 dev eth1 table 84
1.0.7.0/24 dev eth1 table 84
[root@bird-162 ~]# systemctl restart network # 重启生效
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip route show table 84
1.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
1.0.4.0/24 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
1.0.4.0/22 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
1.0.5.0/24 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
1.0.6.0/24 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
1.0.7.0/24 dev eth1 proto static scope link metric 101
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip -6 route show table 86
600:6001:110b::/48 dev eth1 proto static metric 101 pref medium
2001::/32 dev eth1 proto static metric 101 pref medium
2001:1::/64 dev eth1 proto static metric 101 pref medium
2001:4:112::/48 dev eth1 proto static metric 101 pref medium
2001:200::/32 dev eth1 proto static metric 101 pref medium
[root@bird-162 ~]# 配置静态到远端路由器
因为在非默认路由表中的路由想测试，需要临时放通，如：How to do a ping test through a non default routing table?为了避免麻烦，建议去往远端路由器的静态路由在Global中配置，而不在BIRD中配置，另外注意，每次用“systemctl restart network”后，路由会消失，需要再次加回去：
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip route add 12.3.1.0/24 via 30.1.1.2
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip -6 route add 2001::12:3:1:0/120 via 2001::30:1:1:2
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]# ping 12.3.1.1
PING 12.3.1.1 (12.3.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 12.3.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=8.46 ms
64 bytes from 12.3.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=5.83 ms
^C
--- 12.3.1.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.831/7.148/8.466/1.320 ms
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]# ping -6 2001::12:3:1:1
PING 2001::12:3:1:1(2001::12:3:1:1) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2001::12:3:1:1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=8.96 ms
64 bytes from 2001::12:3:1:1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=11.3 ms
^C
--- 2001::12:3:1:1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 8.967/10.135/11.303/1.168 ms配置 bird.conf
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/bird.conf
log syslog all;
router id 30.1.1.1;
filter rt_import
{
accept;
}
filter rt_export
{
# if source = RTS_STATIC then reject; # if you config static in bird, filter when bgp export, not use now
accept;
}
protocol device {
scan time 10; # Scan interfaces every 10 seconds
}
# Disable automatically generating direct routes to all network interfaces, not use now
protocol direct direct1 {
ipv4;
# interface "eth1";
}
# Forbid synchronizing BIRD routing tables with the OS kernel.
protocol kernel {
learn; # Learn kernel route
# persist; # Don't remove routes on bird shutdown
ipv4 {
import all;
export none;
};
kernel table 84; # Only import table 84 route
}
# Static IPv4 routes, not use now
protocol static {
# ipv4;
# route 100.25.0.15/32 via 30.1.1.2;
}
# BGP peers
protocol bgp uplink0 {
description "BGP uplink juniper vmx";
local 30.1.1.1 as 400;
neighbor 12.3.1.1 as 50000;
hold time 90;
multihop 5;
ipv4 {
import filter rt_import;
export filter rt_export;
# next hop address 20.1.1.1; # Working under IPv4
};
}配置 bird6.conf
[root@bird-162 ~]# more /etc/bird6.conf
log syslog all;
router id 30.1.1.1;
filter rt_import
{
accept;
}
filter rt_export
{
# if source = RTS_STATIC then reject; # if you config static in bird, filter when bgp export, not use now
if ( net = 2001::30:1:1:0/120 ) then reject;
accept;
}
protocol device {
scan time 10; # Scan interfaces every 10 seconds
}
# Disable automatically generating direct routes to all network interfaces, not use now
protocol direct direct1 {
# interface "eth1"; # Disable by default
}
# Forbid synchronizing BIRD routing tables with the OS kernel.
protocol kernel {
learn; # Learn kernel route
# persist; # Don't remove routes on bird shutdown
import all;
export none; # Export static to kernel, no static, so none
kernel table 86; # Only import table 86 route
}
# Static IPv6 routes, not use now
protocol static {
# route 2001::12:3:1:0/120 via 2001::30:1:1:2;
}
# BGP peers
protocol bgp uplink0 {
description "BGP uplink juniper vmxv6";
local 2001::30:1:1:1 as 400;
neighbor 2001::12:3:1:1 as 50000;
hold time 90;
multihop 5;
import none;
export filter rt_export;
# next hop address 2001::20:1:1:1; # Not working under IPv6... why?
}启动BIRD和BIRD6
[root@bird-162 ~]# systemctl start bird
[root@bird-162 ~]# systemctl start bird6
[root@bird-162 ~]# systemctl status bird
● bird.service - BIRD Internet Routing Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bird.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-09 01:23:26 CST; 1min 0s ago
Main PID: 8264 (bird)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/bird.service
└─8264 /usr/sbin/bird -f -u bird -g bird
Oct 09 01:23:26 bird-162 systemd[1]: Started BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Oct 09 01:23:26 bird-162 bird[8264]: Started
Oct 09 01:23:28 bird-162 bird[8264]: Next hop address 12.3.1.1 resolvable through recursive route for 12.3.1.0/24
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]#
[root@bird-162 ~]# systemctl status bird6
● bird6.service - BIRD Internet Routing Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bird6.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-10-09 01:18:44 CST; 5min ago
Main PID: 8001 (bird6)
Tasks: 1
CGroup: /system.slice/bird6.service
└─8001 /usr/sbin/bird6 -f -u bird6 -g bird6
Oct 09 01:18:44 bird-162 systemd[1]: Started BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Oct 09 01:18:44 bird-162 bird6[8001]: Started如果启动失败了，那么可以查看log，所有log默认在“/var/log/messages”中，一般都是语法错误，如下面的例子：
[root@bird-162 network-scripts]# systemctl status bird
● bird.service - BIRD Internet Routing Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bird.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Tue 2021-09-28 23:11:29 CST; 3s ago
Process: 15881 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/bird -f -u bird -g bird (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 15881 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: Unit bird.service entered failed state.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: bird.service failed.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: bird.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: Stopped BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for bird.service
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: Failed to start BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: Unit bird.service entered failed state.
Sep 28 23:11:29 bird-162 systemd[1]: bird.service failed.
[root@bird-162 network-scripts]# more /var/log/messages
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Server startup complete. Host name is bird-869.local. Local service cookie is 140
6863944.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for virbr0-nic.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.122.1 on virbr0.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for virbr0.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for eth2.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing address record for 30.1.1.1 on eth1.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for eth1.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing address record for 172.16.211.162 on eth0.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for eth0.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Withdrawing workstation service for lo.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Host name conflict, retrying with bird-870
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Registering new address record for 192.168.122.1 on virbr0.IPv4.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Registering new address record for 30.1.1.1 on eth1.IPv4.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Registering new address record for fe80::81ff:c9aa:c0db:1a on eth0.*.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Registering new address record for 172.16.211.162 on eth0.IPv4.
Sep 28 23:11:23 bird-162 avahi-daemon[726]: Registering HINFO record with values 'X86_64'/'LINUX'.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: Started BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 bird: /etc/bird.conf:18:2 syntax error, unexpected IMPORT
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 bird: bird: /etc/bird.conf:18:2 syntax error, unexpected IMPORT
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: bird.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: Unit bird.service entered failed state.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: bird.service failed.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: bird.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: Stopped BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: Started BIRD Internet Routing Daemon.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 bird: /etc/bird.conf:18:2 syntax error, unexpected IMPORT
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 bird: bird: /etc/bird.conf:18:2 syntax error, unexpected IMPORT
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: bird.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: Unit bird.service entered failed state.
Sep 28 23:11:28 bird-162 systemd: bird.service failed.Peer路由器配置
由于在BIRD6中用“next hop address”不生效，所以v4/v6的下一跳均在收路由方向更改；另外华为的vNE40E以及思科的XRv9k跟BIRD建立连接后收路由很慢，还经常flapping，由于时间有限，所以就只验证了Juniper的；
root@Peer# run show configuration | display set
set version 20.4R1.12
set system host-name Peer
set system root-authentication encrypted-password "$6$SisLeo75$N0lE.jJ9BDReihlcu4I4HKNJvth59BbXMpgDMfnnEcigvgrwAR.7qMJEdJcyJ/s5nTkYHfhgzpDZhf2PDq..N0"
set system syslog file messages any notice
set system syslog file messages authorization info
set system syslog file interactive-commands interactive-commands any
set system processes dhcp-service traceoptions file dhcp_logfile
set system processes dhcp-service traceoptions file size 10m
set system processes dhcp-service traceoptions level all
set system processes dhcp-service traceoptions flag packet
set interfaces ge-0/0/0 description "link to ISP2"
set interfaces ge-0/0/0 unit 0 family inet address 12.3.1.1/24
set interfaces ge-0/0/0 unit 0 family inet6 address 2001::12:3:1:1/120
set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet dhcp vendor-id Juniper:vmx:VM615ED0997B
set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet6 dhcpv6-client client-type stateful
set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet6 dhcpv6-client client-ia-type ia-na
set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet6 dhcpv6-client client-identifier duid-type duid-ll
set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet6 dhcpv6-client vendor-id Juniper:vmx:VM615ED0997B
set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 100.25.0.15/32 primary
set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 100.25.0.15/32 preferred
set policy-options policy-statement INv4 then next-hop 20.1.1.1
set policy-options policy-statement INv6 then next-hop 2001::20:1:1:1
set policy-options policy-statement PASS then accept
set routing-options rib inet6.0 static route 2001::30:1:1:0/120 next-hop 2001::12:3:1:2
set routing-options rib inet6.0 static route 2001::20:1:1:0/120 next-hop 2001::12:3:1:2
set routing-options static route 30.1.1.1/32 next-hop 12.3.1.2
set routing-options static route 20.1.1.1/32 next-hop 12.3.1.2
set routing-options router-id 100.25.0.15
set routing-options autonomous-system 50000
set routing-options autonomous-system asdot-notation
set protocols router-advertisement interface fxp0.0
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 type external
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 multihop ttl 10
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 neighbor 2001::30:1:1:1 description BIRD6
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 neighbor 2001::30:1:1:1 local-address 2001::12:3:1:1
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 neighbor 2001::30:1:1:1 import INv6
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 neighbor 2001::30:1:1:1 export PASS
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD6 neighbor 2001::30:1:1:1 peer-as 400
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD type external
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD multihop ttl 10
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD neighbor 30.1.1.1 description BIRD
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD neighbor 30.1.1.1 local-address 12.3.1.1
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD neighbor 30.1.1.1 import INv4
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD neighbor 30.1.1.1 export PASS
set protocols bgp group TO-BIRD neighbor 30.1.1.1 peer-as 400
[edit]
root@Peer# run show bgp summary
Threading mode: BGP I/O
Default eBGP mode: advertise - accept, receive - accept
Groups: 2 Peers: 2 Down peers: 0
Table Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
6 6 0 0 0 0
inet6.0
5 5 0 0 0 0
Peer AS InPkt OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
30.1.1.1 400 26 23 0 3 9:36 Establ
inet.0: 6/6/6/0
2001::30:1:1:1 400 24 24 0 11 9:38 Establ
inet6.0: 5/5/5/0
[edit]
root@Peer# run show route protocol bgp 1.0.0.0/24 detail |grep protocol
Protocol next hop: 20.1.1.1
[edit]
root@Peer# run show route protocol bgp 600:6001:110b::/48 detail |grep proto
Protocol next hop: 2001::20:1:1:1验证BIRD以及BIRD6
[root@bird-162 ~]# birdc
BIRD 2.0.8 ready.
bird> show route
Table master4:
1.0.4.0/24 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
1.0.4.0/22 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
1.0.0.0/24 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
12.3.1.0/24 unreachable [uplink0 01:35:37.826 from 12.3.1.1] * (100) [AS50000i]
30.1.1.1/32 unreachable [uplink0 01:35:37.826 from 12.3.1.1] * (100) [AS50000i]
100.25.0.15/32 unreachable [uplink0 01:35:37.826 from 12.3.1.1] * (100) [AS50000i]
1.0.5.0/24 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
1.0.6.0/24 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
1.0.7.0/24 unicast [kernel1 01:23:26.739] * (10)
dev eth1
20.1.1.1/32 unreachable [uplink0 01:35:37.826 from 12.3.1.1] * (100) [AS50000i]
bird>
bird> show protocols all
Name Proto Table State Since Info
device1 Device --- up 01:23:26.738
direct1 Direct --- up 01:23:26.738
kernel1 Kernel master4 up 01:23:26.738
Channel ipv4
State: UP
Table: master4
Preference: 10
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 6 imported, 0 exported, 6 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 6 0 0 0 6
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 14 6 8 --- 0
Export withdraws: 4 --- --- --- 0
static1 Static master4 up 01:23:26.738
Channel ipv4
State: UP
Table: master4
Preference: 200
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 0 imported, 0 exported, 0 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 0 0 0 0 0
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 0 0 0 --- 0
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
uplink0 BGP --- up 01:35:37.826 Established
Description: BGP uplink juniper vmx
BGP state: Established
Neighbor address: 12.3.1.1
Neighbor AS: 50000
Local AS: 400
Neighbor ID: 100.25.0.15
Local capabilities
Multiprotocol
AF announced: ipv4
Route refresh
Graceful restart
4-octet AS numbers
Enhanced refresh
Long-lived graceful restart
Neighbor capabilities
Multiprotocol
AF announced: ipv4
Route refresh
Graceful restart
4-octet AS numbers
Long-lived graceful restart
Session: external multihop AS4
Source address: 30.1.1.1
Hold timer: 58.642/90
Keepalive timer: 15.953/30
Channel ipv4
State: UP
Table: master4
Preference: 100
Input filter: rt_import
Output filter: rt_export
Routes: 4 imported, 6 exported, 4 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 4 0 0 0 4
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 14 8 0 --- 6
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
BGP Next hop: 30.1.1.1
IGP IPv4 table: master4[root@bird-162 ~]# birdc6
BIRD 1.6.8 ready.
bird> show route
2001::30:1:1:0/120 dev eth1 [direct1 01:18:44] * (240)
2001:1::/64 dev eth1 [kernel1 01:18:44] * (10)
2001::/32 dev eth1 [kernel1 01:18:44] * (10)
2001:200::/32 dev eth1 [kernel1 01:18:44] * (10)
2001:4:112::/48 dev eth1 [kernel1 01:18:44] * (10)
600:6001:110b::/48 dev eth1 [kernel1 01:18:44] * (10)
bird>
bird> show protocols all
name proto table state since info
device1 Device master up 01:18:44
Preference: 240
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 0 imported, 0 exported, 0 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 0 0 0 0 0
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 0 0 0 --- 0
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
direct1 Direct master up 01:18:44
Preference: 240
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 1 imported, 0 exported, 1 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 1 0 0 0 1
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 0 0 0 --- 0
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
kernel1 Kernel master up 01:18:44
Preference: 10
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 5 imported, 0 exported, 5 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 5 0 0 0 5
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 7 7 0 --- 0
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
static1 Static master up 01:18:44
Preference: 200
Input filter: ACCEPT
Output filter: REJECT
Routes: 0 imported, 0 exported, 0 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 0 0 0 0 0
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 0 0
Export updates: 0 0 0 --- 0
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
uplink0 BGP master up 01:35:35 Established
Description: BGP uplink juniper vmxv6
Preference: 100
Input filter: REJECT
Output filter: rt_export
Routes: 0 imported, 5 exported, 0 preferred
Route change stats: received rejected filtered ignored accepted
Import updates: 3 0 3 0 0
Import withdraws: 0 0 --- 3 0
Export updates: 6 0 1 --- 5
Export withdraws: 0 --- --- --- 0
BGP state: Established
Neighbor address: 2001::12:3:1:1
Neighbor AS: 50000
Neighbor ID: 100.25.0.15
Neighbor caps: refresh restart-aware llgr-aware AS4
Session: external multihop AS4
Source address: 2001::30:1:1:1
Hold timer: 86/90
Keepalive timer: 14/30添加Internet v4/v6路由
把v4和v6的全量路由写入到“route-eth1”和“route6-eth1”中，重启network，路由缓慢写入kernel，此时进程“NetworkManager”的CPU利用率会持续100%，系统会先加载v4再加载v6，可以通过下面命令查看，另外如果需要直接使用这两个修改好的文件，可以从这里下载：
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip route show table 84 |wc -l
896881
[root@bird-162 ~]# ip -6 route show table 86 |wc -l
140080如果需要最新的internet 路由，可以看我之前的blog：How to Import Global Route in IXIA
在路由器上也可以验证收到了这些路由：
root@Peer> show bgp summary
Threading mode: BGP I/O
Default eBGP mode: advertise - accept, receive - accept
Groups: 2 Peers: 2 Down peers: 0
Table Tot Paths Act Paths Suppressed History Damp State Pending
inet.0
896881 896881 0 0 0 0
inet6.0
140080 140080 0 0 0 0
Peer AS InPkt OutPkt OutQ Flaps Last Up/Dwn State|#Active/Received/Accepted/Damped...
30.1.1.1 400 971 5 0 4 1:33 Establ
inet.0: 896881/896881/896881/0
2001::30:1:1:1 400 256 5 0 12 1:03 Establ
inet6.0: 140080/140080/140080/0
root@Peer> 版权声明：
本文链接：How To Send Internet Route By BIRD？
版权声明：本文为原创文章，仅代表个人观点，版权归 Frank Zhao 所有，转载时请注明本文出处及文章链接
太棒了