在MacOS中部署Python虚拟开发环境
27 5 月, 2018,由 frank撰写
部署虚拟开发环境
虽然自己不是软件工程师，但有时候为了测试会写一些小程序，所以常常需要在自己电脑上设置开发环境。由于MacOS原生支持Python，所以我们可以不用那么麻烦的设置开发环境。但为了系统的稳定性，还是不要随便增加或变更自带的python，所以开发环境直接用虚拟环境就可以了，大概构架如下：
1. 安装homebrew，非常实用的软件管理工具，在MacOS上可以方便的安装软件，如python等等，安装方式直接一条命令搞定，参考官网就可以，简单易用，而且所有安装的软件都在自己的文件夹下，不会跟系统自带的冲突；另外如何快速安装pip，可以参考官网，这个是python的软件包管理工具
2. 用homebrew安装一个独立的python
xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ brew info python@2 <<< 确认当前版本信息 xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ brew install python@2 <<< 安装2.7版本 xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ brew list gdbm openssl python@2 readline sqlite xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ cd /usr/local/Cellar/ xxx-M-L2HE:Cellar xxx$ ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x 3 xxx admin 96 May 25 23:56 gdbm drwxr-xr-x 3 xxx admin 96 May 25 23:56 openssl drwxr-xr-x 4 xxx admin 128 May 26 00:03 python@2 drwxr-xr-x 3 xxx admin 96 May 25 23:57 readline drwxr-xr-x 3 xxx admin 96 May 25 23:57 sqlite xxx-M-L2HE:Cellar xxx$ echo $PATH <<< 可以看到下面路径中没有homebrew的路径，所以默认都是系统的版本 /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Applications/VMware Fusion.app/Contents/Public
3. 用pip安装“virtualenvwrapper”
xxx-M-L2HE:Cellar xxx$ pip install virtualenvwrapper
Collecting virtualenvwrapper
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2b/8c/3192e10913ad945c0f0fcb17e9b2679434a28ad58ee31ce0104cba3b1154/virtualenvwrapper-4.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting virtualenv (from virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b6/30/96a02b2287098b23b875bc8c2f58071c35d2efe84f747b64d523721dc2b5/virtualenv-16.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.9MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 373kB/s
Collecting stevedore (from virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/17/6b/3b7d6d08b2ab3e5ef09e01c9f7b3b590ee135f289bb94553419e40922c25/stevedore-1.28.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting virtualenv-clone (from virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/c2/dccb5ccf599e0c5d1eea6acbd058af7a71384f9740179db67a9182a24798/virtualenv_clone-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pbr!=2.1.0,>=2.0.0 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2d/9d/7bfab757977067556c7ca5fe437f28e8b8843c95564fca504de79df63b25/pbr-4.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (98kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 576kB/s
Collecting six>=1.10.0 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/67/4b/141a581104b1f6397bfa78ac9d43d8ad29a7ca43ea90a2d863fe3056e86a/six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: virtualenv, pbr, six, stevedore, virtualenv-clone, virtualenvwrapper
Successfully installed pbr-4.0.3 six-1.11.0 stevedore-1.28.0 virtualenv-16.0.0 virtualenv-clone-0.3.0 virtualenvwrapper-4.8.2
4. 设置虚拟环境，link相应版本的python并激活虚拟环境
xxx-M-L2HE:Cellar xxx$ cd ~ xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ cd Documents/ xxx-M-L2HE:Documents xxx$ mkdir venv xxx-M-L2HE:Documents xxx$ cd venv xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ mkdir py2715 xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ ls py2715 xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ virtualenv --python=/usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15/bin/python py2715 Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.15/bin/python New python executable in /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/bin/python2.7 Also creating executable in /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/bin/python Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done. xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ xxx-M-L2HE:venv xxx$ cd py2715/ xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ source bin/activate (py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ (py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ (py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ python -V Python 2.7.15
5. 安装虚拟环境中的pip，退出虚拟环境
(py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ sudo easy_install pip Password: Searching for pip Best match: pip 10.0.1 Adding pip 10.0.1 to easy-install.pth file Installing pip script to /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/bin Installing pip3.6 script to /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/bin Installing pip3 script to /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/bin Using /Users/xxx/Documents/venv/py2715/lib/python2.7/site-packages Processing dependencies for pip Finished processing dependencies for pip (py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ (py2715) xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$ deactivate xxx-M-L2HE:py2715 xxx$
安装Python IDE PyCharm
非常棒的python编译器，社区免费版本就满足我的需求了，直接去官网下载安装就可以了。当建立project后，pycharm会自动建立虚拟环境，我们可以不用他的虚拟环境，所以直接删掉自动建立的venv文件夹，那么如何调用我们之前建立好的虚拟环境呢，如下所示，调用上面设置好的虚拟环境
Preferences -> Project Interpreter -> add -> Existing Environment -> python file of venv
设置好后，进入pycharm的terminal后，可以看到虚拟环境表示，如下：
好了，现在可以愉快地写小程序了~另外也可以愉快地用pip安装各种python包折腾了~:)
安装Git
xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ brew install git Updating Homebrew... ==> Auto-updated Homebrew! Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core). ==> Updated Formulae ii rsstail ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/git-2.17.0.high_sierra.bott ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring git-2.17.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats Bash completion has been installed to: /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d zsh completions and functions have been installed to: /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions Emacs Lisp files have been installed to: /usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/git ==> Summary ? /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.17.0: 1,497 files, 35.6MB xxx-M-L2HE:~ xxx$ cd Documents/ xxx-M-L2HE:Documents xxx$ cd PycharmProjects/ xxx-M-L2HE:PycharmProjects xxx$ git clone https://xxxxxxxx.git Cloning into 'xxxxxxx'... remote: Counting objects: 56, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (54/54), done. remote: Total 56 (delta 13), reused 0 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (56/56), done.